Charles (Charlie) Chaplin
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Along with Griffith, Arbuckle, Lloyd and Keaton, Chaplin contributed significantly to cinema narrative with masterpieces such as 'The Gold Rush.' (Extract from my comments on RIA to Leni Riefenstahl's 'Triumph of the Will'): Chaplin's "...political views, as subliminally conveyed in his movies - many shorts; 'The Kid'; 'City Lights'; 'Modern Times'; etc. - made many opinion-makers uncomfortable enough to consider him subversive, a sympathizer of Communism and an enemy of American values, any and all of which he might have been at some degree or other. It became enough so by the late 1940s that it was necessary for him to leave and make his home in Switzerland, instead. Had the Soviet Union become more of a threat still, Chaplin conceivably might today be as tainted and repudiated as have been Reich master Architect Albert Speer, Berlin Philharmonic Director Wilhelm Furtwangler, his successor, pianist and conductor Herbert Von Karajan and (Leni) Riefenstahl, among others." But, where does that leave our appreciation of Chaplin's sublime artistry?
Chaplin was not at all an innovator in the art of the cinema; remove him from the equation and the visual element in movie narrative today would likely not be any more advanced today. However, much as his images come uncomfortably near sentimentality (would nevertheless not deny myself the last shots in 'The Kid,' 'City Lights' and in 'Modern Times'), the history of the cinema without him would be lacking considerably in a shared human experience (Roberto Begnini's 'Life is Beautiful' owes more to Chaplin than to any other).
Asked to validate whether his few contributions constitute entertainment in the cinema, I would characterize his legacy (alongside that of a few others before 1940) as truer to its spirit than are many choice dramatizations that derive from the era of social awareness that began with Method acting. Notable directors Elia Kazan (with John Garfield, Brando, Kim Hunter, James Dean and Montgomery Clift), Martin Ritt (with Paul Newman, Anthony Quinn, Joanne Woodwrd and Richard Dreyfuss), Jerry Schatzberg (Al Pacino and Gene Hackman), Arthur Penn (Newman, Dustin Hoffman, Ellen Burstyn, Jane Fonda, Warren Beatty and Hackman), Martin Scorcese (Robert De Niro and Newman) and Sydney Lumet (Joanne Woodward, Henry Fonda, Al Pacino, Newman, Hoffman), are each and all of them perennial favorites of ours with whom none of us should, could or would want to do without. But the apparet spontaneity, the refinement and nuances of what is, after all, 90 year-old comedy - Chaplin's and Keaton's art - are considerably more elusive.